Products liability, staged
Underwriters rate on where you are in the regulatory pathway. Pre-revenue companies are rated on funding or R&D spend.
- Occurrence form is rare; expect claims-made with retro date at inception
- Batch clause for pharma/device
- Efficacy exclusion — negotiate for diagnostics
Clinical trials liability
Subject injury coverage is required by IRBs and, abroad, by regulators. It's separate from products.
- Per-trial certificate with protocol number
- No-fault compensation in EU/Australia/LatAm trials
- Investigator and CRO as additional insureds
D&O for investor-backed companies
Every Series A term sheet requires it. Side A protects founders when the company can't indemnify.
- $2M–$5M at seed, $5M–$10M at Series B
- Entity coverage for securities claims
- Extend to the scientific advisory board